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Frequently asked questions
An appraisal is estimation that concludes an opinion of value. The real estate appraiser will typically use a few "approaches," typically three, to conclude the estimation of value. The Cost Approach is one of the approaches that real estate appraisers use to find value; it involves concluding what the improvements would cost minus physical deterioration, adding the land value. Another of the approaches is the Sales Comparison Approach - which involves making a comparable analysis to other similar properties within a close vicinity which have recently sold. Usually, the Sales Comparison Approach is the most definite indicator of value of a house. The Income Approach is mainly used for determining the cost of income-producing properties based on what an investor would pay based on the amount of income a property produce.
There are a lot of reasons to get an appraisal with the usual reason being real estate and mortgage transactions. Some other reasons for obtaining an appraisal report include:
To receive a loan.
To lower your property taxes.
To establish the replacement cost of Primary Mortgage Insurance.
To challenge inflated property taxes.
If you need to take care of an estate.
To provide you a leg-up when purchasing real estate.
To find an honest price when selling real estate.
To protect your rights in a condemnation case.
Because an official agency such as the IRS requires it.
It's possible you could be involved in a lawsuit - an appraisal will definitely help.
Yes, most appraisals are ordered in these situations, however there are a number of times when an individual will need an appraisal. These are called "private party appraisals" Some of these occasions include, a divorce, sale of a property without an agent (FSBO), cash purchase of a home, inheritance of a property, renovation or addition planning, bankruptcy, Emigration cases sometimes require an appraisal.
An appraisal is used to determine value. A home inspector does not determine a value. The home inspector conducts a very thorough inspection of the physical condition of the home. The results of this are typically present to the client in a written form. Appraisers do inspect the property in most cases the home. This inspection is typically limited to what can be observed in a non-invasive view of the property. This inspection is so that physical the features of the home and its physical condition are understood for appraisal purposes.
A survey (sometimes called a plat) is a study the land or lot to determine and mark the boundaries of a tract of land or lot. These are typically required when a property is being subdivided or there is doubt regarding the exact size or boundary lines of a property. Appraisers typically will want to review a survey or plat when the appraisal research is done. These can usually be obtained online.
Honestly, they have nothing in common. The CMA uses market trends to generate most of their business. An appraisal relies on comparable sales that can be validated by records. Also, the appraisal looks at other factors like condition, area and replacement costs. The CMA will provide a non-specific figure. Being a documented and containing a carefully investigated opinion of value, appraisals are defensible and stand up in legal situations.
But the biggest difference is the person creating the report. A CMA is created by a real estate agent who may or may not have a true grasp of the market or valuation concepts. The appraisal is created by a licensed, certified professional who has made a career out of valuing properties. Further, the appraiser is an independent voice, with no vested interest in the value of a home, unlike the real estate agent, whose income is tied to the value of the home.
Each report must reflect a credible estimate of value and must identify the following:
The client and other intended users.
The intended use of the report.
The purpose of the assignment.
The type of value reported and the definition of the value reported.
The effective date of the appraiser's opinions and conclusions.
Relevant property characteristics, including location attributes, physical attributes, legal attributes, economic attributes, the real property interest valued, and Non real estate items included in the appraisal, such as personal property, including trade fixtures and intangible items.
All known: easements, restrictions, encumbrances, leases, reservations, covenants, contracts, declarations, special assessments, ordinances, and other items of a similar nature.
Division of interest, such as fractional interest, physical segment and partial holding.
The scope of work used to complete the assignment.
In communicating an appraisal report, each appraiser must ensure the following:
That the information analysis utilized in the appraisal was appropriate.
That significant errors of omission or commission were not committed individually or collectively.
That appraisal services were not rendered in a careless or negligent manner.
That a credible, supportable appraisal report was communicated.
Most states require that real estate appraisers are state licensed or certified. The state licensed or certified appraiser is trained to render an unbiased opinion based upon extensive education and experience requirements. To become licensed or certified, appraisers must fulfill rigorous education and experience requirements. In addition, appraisers must abide by a strict industry code of ethics and comply with national standards of practice for real estate appraisal. The rules for developing an appraisal and reporting its results are insured by enforcement of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP).
Regulations regarding licensing and certification of Real Estate Appraisers vary from state to state. However, licensing and certification is most often associated with many hours of coursework, tests and practical experience. Once an appraiser is licensed, he or she is required to take continuing education courses in order to keep the license current.
Gathering data is one of the primary roles of an appraiser. Data can be divided into Specific and General. Specific data is gathered from the home itself. Location, condition, amenities, size and other specific data are gathered by the appraiser during an inspection.
General data is gathered from a number of sources. Local Multiple Listing Services (MLS) provide data on recently sold homes that might be used as comparables. Tax records and other public documents verify actual sales prices in a market. Flood zone data is gathered from FEMA data outlets, such as Metro Appraisals' InterFlood product. And most importantly, the appraiser gathers general data from his or her past experience in creating appraisals for other properties in the same market.
Anytime the value of your home or other real property is being used to make a significant financial decision, an appraisal helps. If you're selling your home, an appraisal helps you set the most appropriate value. If you're buying, it makes sure you don't overpay. If you're engaged in an estate settlement or divorce, it ensures that property is divided fairly. A home is often the single, largest financial asset anybody owns. Knowing its true value means you can the right financial decisions.
The first step in most appraisals is the home inspection. During this process, the appraiser will come to your home and measure it, determine the layout of the rooms inside, confirm all aspects of the home's general condition, and take several photos of your house for inclusion in the report. The best thing you can do to help is make sure the appraiser has easy access to the exterior of the house. Trim any bushes and move any items that would make it difficult to measure the structure. On the inside, make sure that the appraiser can easily access items like furnaces and water heaters.
The following Items, if available, will help your appraiser to provide a more accurate appraisal in a shorter period of time:
A survey of the house and property.
A deed or title report showing the legal description.
A recent tax bill.
A list of personal property to be sold with the house if applicable.
A copy of the original plans.
Market value or fair market value is the most probable price that a property should bring (will sell for) in a competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair sale, the buyer and seller, each acting prudently, knowledgeably and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus. Implicit in this definition is the consummation of a sale as of a specified date and the passing of title from seller to buyer under conditions whereby: (1) buyer and seller are typically motivated; (2) both parties are well informed or well advised; (3) a reasonable time is allowed for exposure to the open market; (4) payment is made in terms of cash in U.S. dollars or in terms of financial arrangements comparable thereto; and (5) the price represents the normal consideration for the property sold unaffected by special or creative financing or sales concessions granted by anyone associated with the sale.
In most real estate transactions, the appraisal is ordered by the lender. While the home buyer pays for the report as part of the closing costs, the lender retains the right to use the report or any information contained within. The home buyer is entitled to a copy of the report - it's usually included with all of the other closing documents - but is not entitled to use the report for any other purpose without permission from the lender.
The exception to this rule is when a home owner engages an appraiser directly. In these cases, the appraiser may stipulate how the appraisal can be used; for PMI removal, or estate planning or tax challenges, for example. If not stipulated otherwise, the home owner can use the appraisal for any purpose.
The answer to this is different depending upon the location of the home. Different markets value amenities differently. Adding a central air conditioner in Houston, Texas may add significant value, while putting one in a home located in Buffalo, New York might not have much impact.
As a rule, the most value returned from renovating a home comes in the kitchen. According to one national survey, kitchen remodels returned an average of 88% of the investment. In other words, a $10,000 kitchen remodeling project would add approximately $8,800 to the value of the home. Bathrooms were second, returning 85%.